2017 Nature Communications
Coking leads to the deactivation of solid acid catalyst. This phenomenon is a ubiquitous problem in the modern petrochemical and energy transformation industries. Here, we show a method based on microwave cavity perturbation analysis for an effective examination of both the amount and the chemical composition of cokes formed over acid zeolite catalysts. The employed microwave cavity can rapidly and non-intrusively measure the catalytically coked zeolites with sample full body penetration. The overall coke amount is reflected by the obtained dielectric loss (ε″) value, where different coke compositions lead to dramatically different absorption efficiencies (ε″/cokes’ wt%). The deeper-dehydrogenated coke compounds (e.g., polyaromatics) lead to an apparently higher ε″/wt% value thus can be effectively separated from lightly coked compounds. The measurement is based on the nature of coke formation during catalytic reactions, from saturated status (e.g., aliphatic) to graphitized status (e.g., polyaromatics), with more delocalized electrons obtained for enhanced Maxwell–Wagner polarization.
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Name |
Affiliation |
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Liu B |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Slocombe D R |
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK |
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Aldawsari A; |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Gonzalez-Cortes S |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Arden J |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Kuznetsov V L |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Xiao T |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Edwards P P |
KACST-Oxford Petrochemical Research Centre (KOPRC), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK |
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Wang J |
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK |
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AlMegren H |
Petrochemical Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. |
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AlKinany M |
Petrochemical Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia. |